Currently, the current compatible version of Windows 10/11 is 22H2
The recommended method to install Windows is to either install it onto the internal Solid State Drive(from a USB flash drive, or micro SD card), or connect an external Solid State Drive.
Using a microSD or USB Flash Drive is NOT recommended for running Windows.
Typically the recommendation will be stock Windows 11 which can be obtained from Microsoft Here
I can't recommend a custom Windows version because of two reasons:
As an optional suggestion, you can go through this tutorial here when Windows is finished installing to de-bloat your system to your liking(The video is skipped to 9 minute marker because he just rants about Microsoft up to then) Debloat Windows 11 The Easy Way
After installing Windows, please install all the latest drivers(except the wireless driver) from Valve. Follow all of their instructions, located here:
The stock wireless drivers from Valve function very poorly, lag spikes and low bandwidth. It is highly recommended that you follow the guide here to install custom unlocked drivers:
While not officially from Valve, these are official driver updates to the hardware that is in the Steam Deck and may have better performance/stability(NOTE: If you're on Windows 11 22H2, then running a Windows Update should retrieve and install the drivers listed below as well):
(Optional) - AMD Custom GPU Drivers by Amernime
Below is an instructional guide to using Clover or rEFInd as a Dual-Boot menu
This will let you choose the Operating System on reboot (instead of holding Volume - & Power)
Both work fine and are easy to set up.
It's a personal choice, they are both accomplish the same goal
Clover is a little more simple and less options, rEFInd has more customization options
Proceed to 2. Set UMA Buffer Size